Glycerophospholipids, such as phosphatidylcholine and phos-phatidylethanolamine, are closely related to fats in that they have a glycerol backbone esterified to two fatty acids (one saturated and one unsaturaled) and to one phosphate ester. Phospholipids are important constituents of cell membranes and are of two kinds. The numbering and nomenclature of glycerophospholipids present a dilemma in that the number 2 carbon of the glycerol backbone of a phos. Other synthetic surfactants may use fats and oils or petrochemicals as initial building blocks, but generally require additional chemical manipulations such as sulfonation, esterification, sulfation, and amidation. Fats and oils are triglycerides, ie, molecules comprised of a glycerol backbone and three ester-linked fatty oils. First, soaps are most often derived direcdy from natural sources of fats and oils (see Fats and fatty oils). R represents the glycerol backbone.Īlthough soaps have many physical properties in common with the broader class of surfactants, they also have several distinguishing factors. Reactions of ttiglycetides at double bonds in the alkyl chain. The glycerol backbone is derived by biospeciftc reduction of dihydroxyacetone. However, odd-numbered and branched fatty acid chains are observed ia small concentrations ia natural triglycerides, particularly mminant animal fats through propionyl and methylmalonyl coenzyme respectively. Glycerol backbone Fatty acids derived from animal and vegetable sources generally contain an even number of carbon atoms siace they are biochemically derived by condensation of two carbon units through acetyl or malonyl coenzyme A.
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